Benchmark Almanac

Linguini

Muse Glimmer 8.80% Only in system cards

Models solve 160 International Linguistic Olympiad problems with 894 questions in 75 mostly low-resource languages. All evidence needed is in the context.

Reports give whole-problem exact match or per-question accuracy, so check the metric.

In the authors’ words

We propose a new benchmark to measure a language model's linguistic reasoning skills without relying on pre-existing language-specific knowledge. The test covers 894 questions grouped in 160 problems across 75 (mostly) extremely low-resource languages, extracted from the International Linguistic Olympiad corpus. To attain high accuracy on this benchmark, models don't need previous knowledge of the tested language, as all the information needed to solve the linguistic puzzle is presented in the context. We find that, while all analyzed models rank below 25% accuracy, there is a significant gap between open and closed models, with the best-performing proprietary model at 24.05% and the best-performing open model at 8.84%.

Abstract of Linguini: A benchmark for language-agnostic linguistic reasoning (arXiv:2409.12126, CC0)
Made by Meta , University College London and University of the Basque Country Released Sep 2024 Reasoning in many languages All tasks public Last in a system card Oct 2026 Last model added Oct 2026
Level
Competition The strongest students, in olympiad-style contests
Scored
Checked automatically A program checks the result against an answer key, unit tests or the expected final state.
Answers
Short answer A number, word or short string matched to a key.
1
Model scored in lab cards
1
System card reports it, from 1 lab

Muse Glimmer leads with 8.80%

Best score per model as labs report them in their own cards. Labs pick their own settings, so these compare less cleanly than independent runs.

  1. 1 Muse Glimmer 8.80%
#ModelScoreSettingDateSource
1 Muse Glimmer 8.80% Oct 2026 Model card

Scores over time

All the scores we have, one dot each, so a model tested at several settings appears more than once.

Reported by the lab in its model card
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Near the ceiling (85%) Muse Glimmer 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Near the ceiling (85%) Muse Glimmer

Labs report it only in system cards

We read the headline results of 479 launch posts from 51 labs, and none of them list this benchmark. Some system cards do, below.

One system card reports it

Besides launch posts, we read the system cards, model cards and technical reports labs publish with a release. They report far more, including safety and frontier-risk tests.

DateDocumentScoreAs the document writes itSection
19 Oct 2026 Muse Glimmer technical report 8.8 Linguini, whole-problem exact match, high, per-question 17.9 (Tables 2 and 5, B.6.2) Capabilities

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