Benchmark Almanac

KernelGen 1P

GPT-6.1 Sol 60.4% leads since Sep 2026 Only in system cards

Agents write and optimize GPU kernels under hardware constraints and debug correctness issues. Scored as mean rubric score.

In-house OpenAI AI self-improvement evaluation. The tasks are not public.

Made by OpenAI Released Jun 2026 GPU kernels Tasks kept private Last in a system card Oct 2026 Last model added Oct 2026
Level
Research frontier Researchers, on open problems or tasks that take days
Scored
Graded by a model A language model scores each response, usually against a rubric.
Answers
Code A program or patch run against tests.
4
Models scored in lab cards
11
System cards report it, from 1 lab

GPT-6.1 Sol leads with 60.4%

Best score per model as labs report them in their own cards. Labs pick their own settings, so these compare less cleanly than independent runs.

  1. 60.4 GPT-6.1 Sol
  2. 45.3 GPT-6.1 Terra
  3. 38.1 GPT-6 Sol
  4. 21.8 GPT-6 Luna
  1. 1 GPT-6.1 Sol 60.4%
  2. 2 GPT-6.1 Terra 45.3%
  3. 3 GPT-6 Sol 38.1%
  4. 4 GPT-6 Luna 21.8%
#ModelScoreSettingDateSource
1 GPT-6.1 Sol 60.4% Sep 2026 Model card
2 GPT-6.1 Terra 45.3% Oct 2026 Model card
3 GPT-6 Sol 38.1% Sep 2026 Model card
4 GPT-6 Luna 21.8% Sep 2026 Model card

2 models have held number one since its release in Jun 2026

Lab claims count from the day the card came out, independent runs from the model’s release.

OpenAI
Lab claims 2 leaders
GPT-6.1 Sol 60.4%

Scores over time

All the scores we have, one dot each, so a model tested at several settings appears more than once.

Reported by the lab in its model card Best so far
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 2027 Near the ceiling (85%) GPT-6.1 Sol GPT-6 Sol 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 2027 Near the ceiling (85%) GPT-6.1 Sol GPT-6 Sol

Labs report it only in system cards

We read the headline results of 479 launch posts from 51 labs, and none of them list this benchmark. Some system cards do, below.

11 system cards report it, from 1 lab

Besides launch posts, we read the system cards, model cards and technical reports labs publish with a release. They report far more, including safety and frontier-risk tests.

DateDocumentScoreAs the document writes itSection
26 Oct 2026 GPT-6.1 Terra system card addendum 45.3 KernelGen 1P, rubric score (9.0.3.2, Figure 30) AI R&D risk
29 Sep 2026 GPT-6.1 Sol system card addendum 60.4 KernelGen 1P, rubric score (average reward), printed chart label (Figure 38, 9.1.3.2) AI R&D risk
22 Sep 2026 GPT-6 Sol system card 38.1 KernelGen 1P, mean rubric reward, printed chart label (Figure 85, A.8.1.3.2) AI R&D risk
22 Sep 2026 GPT-6 Luna system card 21.8 KernelGen 1P, mean rubric reward, printed chart label (Figure 85, A.8.1.3.2) AI R&D risk
3 Sep 2026 GPT-6 Astra system card KernelGen 1P, rubric score vs output tokens, chart without printed numbers (Figure 53) AI R&D risk
9 Jul 2026 GPT-5.6 Terra system card KernelGen 1P (v3), rubric score by cost and latency, chart without printed numbers (Figures 39, 40, 9.1.3.2) AI R&D risk
9 Jul 2026 GPT-5.6 Sol system card KernelGen 1P (v3), rubric score by cost and latency, chart without printed numbers (Figures 39, 40, 9.1.3.2) AI R&D risk
9 Jul 2026 GPT-5.6 Luna system card KernelGen 1P (v3), rubric score by cost and latency, chart without printed numbers (Figures 39, 40, 9.1.3.2) AI R&D risk
25 Jun 2026 GPT-5.6 Terra system card KernelGen 1P (v3), rubric score by cost and latency, chart without printed numbers (Figures 39, 40, 9.1.3.2) AI R&D risk
25 Jun 2026 GPT-5.6 Sol system card KernelGen 1P (v3), rubric score by cost and latency, chart without printed numbers (Figures 39, 40, 9.1.3.2) AI R&D risk
25 Jun 2026 GPT-5.6 Luna system card KernelGen 1P (v3), rubric score by cost and latency, chart without printed numbers (Figures 39, 40, 9.1.3.2) AI R&D risk

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