WildChat toxic refusals (Anthropic)
Models answer toxic user prompts drawn from the WildChat dataset of real chatbot conversations. Score is the correct refusal rate.
Anthropic refusal evaluation on the toxic subset of WildChat, first reported in the Claude 3 model card. The exact prompt selection is not public.
- Level
- Everyday Most adults, without training
- Scored
- Graded by a model A language model scores each response, usually against a rubric.
- Answers
- Open-ended Free-form text, documents, designs or media judged as a whole.
Claude 3.5 Sonnet leads with 96.4% among models released by Oct 2024
Best score per model as labs report them in their own cards. Labs pick their own settings, so these compare less cleanly than independent runs.
The newest model with a score here came out in Oct 2024, and nobody has reported a newer one. Among the 20 highest-ranked models on the capability index, these have no score yet:
- GPT-6 Astra
- Claude Opus 5.5
- GPT-6.1 Terra
- GPT-6.1 Sol
- and 16 more
- 1 Claude 3.5 Sonnet 96.4%
- 2 Claude 3.5 Sonnet (October 2024) 89.2%
- 3 Claude 3.5 Haiku 88%
| # | Model | Score | Setting | Date | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Claude 3.5 Sonnet | 96.4% | Jun 2024 | Model card | |
| 2 | Claude 3.5 Sonnet (October 2024) | 89.2% | Oct 2024 | Model card | |
| 3 | Claude 3.5 Haiku | 88% | Oct 2024 | Model card |
Number one over time
Lab claims count from the day the card came out, independent runs from the model’s release.
The best score passed 85% in Jun 2024
All the scores we have, one dot each, so a model tested at several settings appears more than once.
Labs report it only in system cards
We read the headline results of 479 launch posts from 51 labs, and none of them list this benchmark. Some system cards do, below.
6 system cards report it, from 1 lab
Besides launch posts, we read the system cards, model cards and technical reports labs publish with a release. They report far more, including safety and frontier-risk tests.
| Date | Document | Score | As the document writes it | Section |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 22 Oct 2024 | Claude 3.5 Sonnet (October 2024) model card | 89.2 | Wildchat Toxic, correct refusals, higher is better (Table 6) | Safety |
| 22 Oct 2024 | Claude 3.5 Haiku model card | 88 | Wildchat Toxic, correct refusals, higher is better (Table 6) | Safety |
| 20 Jun 2024 | Claude 3.5 Sonnet model card | 96.4 | Wildchat Toxic, correct refusals, higher is better (Table 4) | Safety |
| 4 Mar 2024 | Claude 3 Sonnet model card | Correct refusals (Wildchat Toxic), refusal rate on harmful prompts, chart without printed values (Figure 2) | Safety | |
| 4 Mar 2024 | Claude 3 Opus model card | Correct refusals (Wildchat Toxic), refusal rate on harmful prompts, chart without printed values (Figure 2) | Safety | |
| 4 Mar 2024 | Claude 3 Haiku model card | Correct refusals (Wildchat Toxic), refusal rate on harmful prompts, chart without printed values (Figure 2) | Safety |
More in Safety and alignment
- FORTRESS In use Paired adversarial and benign national-security misuse prompts. Rubric-graded risk score on adversarial and over-refusal score on benign prompts. Claude Opus 5.5 5.78%
- StrongREJECT In use Forbidden-prompt jailbreak benchmark with a rubric grader that scores how useful a non-refusal actually is.
Inkling 98.6% - AgentDojo In use Agents do tool-use tasks while tools and data carry prompt injections. Attack success rate counts hijacked runs. Grok 4 Fast 0%
- MASK In use Measures whether a model contradicts its own elicited beliefs under pressure to lie. Honesty separated from accuracy.
Muse Spark Open 98.1% - Gray Swan IPI Arena benchmark In use Indirect prompt-injection attacks from public red-teaming competitions replayed on tool, coding and browser agents. Attack success rate at k attempts. GPT-6 Astra 8.50%
- Agentic misalignment suite (Anthropic) In use Agents in simulated company settings face threats or goal conflicts that invite blackmail, leaking or sabotage. Score is the misaligned action rate. Claude Sonnet 4.5 0%