In-house CTF suite (Phuong et al. 2024)
Gemini 2.5 Pro Jun 2025 84.6% leads since Jul 2025 Only in system cards Agents hack 13 simulated servers with vulnerable web apps and services to retrieve a secret flag.
Challenges cover web app vulnerabilities, off-the-shelf exploits, databases, Linux privilege escalation and password cracking and spraying. Challenge files without flags or solutions are in the dangerous-capability-evaluations repo. UK AISI inspect_evals ships it as gdm_in_house_ctf, revised seven times to September 2026.
- Level
- Expert Specialists with years of training, often over hours of work
- Scored
- Checked automatically A program checks the result against an answer key, unit tests or the expected final state.
- Answers
- Agent task Many steps in a terminal, browser, desktop, app, game or robot.
Gemini 2.5 Pro leads with 84.6% among models released by Jun 2025
Best score per model as labs report them in their own cards. Labs pick their own settings, so these compare less cleanly than independent runs.
The newest model with a score here came out in Jun 2025, and nobody has reported a newer one. Among the 20 highest-ranked models on the capability index, these have no score yet:
- GPT-6 Astra
- Claude Opus 5.5
- GPT-6.1 Terra
- GPT-6.1 Sol
- and 16 more
- 1 Gemini 2.5 Pro Jun 2025 84.6%
- 2 Gemini 2.5 Pro Mar 2025 76.9%
- 3 Gemini 2.5 Flash Jun 2025 76.9%
- 4 Gemma 2 27B 7.70%
| # | Model | Score | Setting | Date | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Gemini 2.5 Pro Jun 2025 | 84.6% | Jul 2025 | Model card | |
| 2 | Gemini 2.5 Pro Mar 2025 | 76.9% | Apr 2025 | Model card | |
| 3 | Gemini 2.5 Flash Jun 2025 | 76.9% | Jul 2025 | Model card | |
| 4 | Gemma 2 27B | 7.70% | Jul 2024 | Model card |
3 models have held number one since its release in Mar 2024
Lab claims count from the day the card came out, independent runs from the model’s release.
Scores over time
All the scores we have, one dot each, so a model tested at several settings appears more than once.
Labs report it only in system cards
We read the headline results of 479 launch posts from 51 labs, and none of them list this benchmark. Some system cards do, below.
4 system cards report it, from 1 lab
Besides launch posts, we read the system cards, model cards and technical reports labs publish with a release. They report far more, including safety and frontier-risk tests.
| Date | Document | Score | As the document writes it | Section |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 7 Jul 2025 | Gemini 2.5 Pro technical report | 84.6 | In-house CTF (medium), 11/13 solved (Table 10, Figure 10) | Cyber risk |
| 7 Jul 2025 | Gemini 2.5 Flash technical report | 76.9 | In-house CTF (medium), 10/13 solved (Figure 10 bar label) | Cyber risk |
| 28 Apr 2025 | Gemini 2.5 Pro model card | 76.9 | In-house CTF (medium), 10/13 solved (Table 1, Figure 2) | Cyber risk |
| 31 Jul 2024 | Gemma 2 27B technical report | 7.7 | Internal CTF suite, 1/13 challenges solved (8%) (Table 19) | Cyber risk |
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