Benchmark Almanac

GAOKAO-Bench

InternVL3.5-241B-A28B 94.5% leads since Aug 2025 Dropped

Models answer Chinese national college entrance exam questions from 2010 to 2022 across nine subjects, with objective and subjective questions.

Labs usually report the objective-question accuracy. Later releases add 2023 and newer questions.

In the authors’ words

Large Language Models(LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across various natural language processing tasks; however, how to comprehensively and accurately assess their performance becomes an urgent issue to be addressed. This paper introduces GAOKAO-Bench, an intuitive benchmark that employs questions from the Chinese GAOKAO examination as test samples, including both subjective and objective questions. To align with human examination methods, we design a method based on zero-shot settings to evaluate the performance of LLMs. With human evaluation, we obtain the converted total score of LLMs, including GPT-4, ChatGPT and ERNIE-Bot.Our findings reveal that LLMs have achieved competitive scores in Chinese GAOKAO examination, while they exhibit significant performance disparities across various subjects. We also use LLMs to grade the subjective questions, and find that model scores achieve a moderate level of consistency with human scores. In conclusion, this research contributes a robust evaluation benchmark for future large language models and offers valuable insights into the advantages and limitations of such models.

Abstract of Evaluating the Performance of Large Language Models on GAOKAO Benchmark (arXiv:2305.12474, CC0)
Made by Fudan University (OpenLMLab) Released May 2023 Exam questions All tasks public Last in a launch post Aug 2025 , dropped after it saturated Last model added Aug 2025
Level
School Students, from grade school to high school
Scored
Checked automatically A program checks the result against an answer key, unit tests or the expected final state.
Answers
Multiple choice
2
Models scored in lab cards
1
Launch post lists it, from 1 lab
2
System cards report it, from 2 labs

InternVL3.5-241B-A28B leads with 94.5%

Best score per model as labs report them in their own cards. Labs pick their own settings, so these compare less cleanly than independent runs.

  1. 1 InternVL3.5-241B-A28B 94.5%
  2. 2 ChatGLM3-6B 67.3%
#ModelScoreSettingDateSource
1 InternVL3.5-241B-A28B 94.5% Aug 2025 Model card
2 ChatGLM3-6B 67.3% Jun 2024 Model card

2 models have held number one since its release in May 2023

Lab claims count from the day the card came out, independent runs from the model’s release.

Z.ai Shanghai AI Lab
Lab claims Passed 85% in Aug 2025, by InternVL3.5-241B-A28B

The best score passed 85% in Aug 2025

All the scores we have, one dot each, so a model tested at several settings appears more than once.

Reported by the lab in its model card Best so far
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 2024 2025 Near the ceiling (85%) InternVL3.5-241B-A28B ChatGLM3-6B 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 2024 2025 Near the ceiling (85%) InternVL3.5-241B-A28B ChatGLM3-6B

Labs dropped it from launch posts once the best score passed 85%

Launch posts from every lab that has listed it, one tick per post. Tall colored ticks include it, and short gray ones leave it out.

Shanghai AI Lab
DateLaunch postScoreAs the post writes it
25 Aug 2025 InternVL3.5-241B-A28B 94.5 GAOKAO

2 system cards report it, from 2 labs

Besides launch posts, we read the system cards, model cards and technical reports labs publish with a release. They report far more, including safety and frontier-risk tests.

DateDocumentScoreAs the document writes itSection
25 Aug 2025 InternVL3.5-241B-A28B technical report 94.5 GAOKAO (Table 2, Table 14) Capabilities
18 Jun 2024 ChatGLM3-6B technical report 67.3 ChatGLM3-6B-Base, GAOKAO-Bench (Table 1) Capabilities

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