GAOKAO-Bench
Models answer Chinese national college entrance exam questions from 2010 to 2022 across nine subjects, with objective and subjective questions.
Labs usually report the objective-question accuracy. Later releases add 2023 and newer questions.
In the authors’ words
Large Language Models(LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across various natural language processing tasks; however, how to comprehensively and accurately assess their performance becomes an urgent issue to be addressed. This paper introduces GAOKAO-Bench, an intuitive benchmark that employs questions from the Chinese GAOKAO examination as test samples, including both subjective and objective questions. To align with human examination methods, we design a method based on zero-shot settings to evaluate the performance of LLMs. With human evaluation, we obtain the converted total score of LLMs, including GPT-4, ChatGPT and ERNIE-Bot.Our findings reveal that LLMs have achieved competitive scores in Chinese GAOKAO examination, while they exhibit significant performance disparities across various subjects. We also use LLMs to grade the subjective questions, and find that model scores achieve a moderate level of consistency with human scores. In conclusion, this research contributes a robust evaluation benchmark for future large language models and offers valuable insights into the advantages and limitations of such models.
- Level
- School Students, from grade school to high school
- Scored
- Checked automatically A program checks the result against an answer key, unit tests or the expected final state.
- Answers
- Multiple choice
InternVL3.5-241B-A28B leads with 94.5%
Best score per model as labs report them in their own cards. Labs pick their own settings, so these compare less cleanly than independent runs.
- 1
InternVL3.5-241B-A28B 94.5%
- 2 ChatGLM3-6B 67.3%
| # | Model | Score | Setting | Date | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | | 94.5% | Aug 2025 | Model card | |
| 2 | ChatGLM3-6B | 67.3% | Jun 2024 | Model card |
2 models have held number one since its release in May 2023
Lab claims count from the day the card came out, independent runs from the model’s release.
The best score passed 85% in Aug 2025
All the scores we have, one dot each, so a model tested at several settings appears more than once.
Labs dropped it from launch posts once the best score passed 85%
Launch posts from every lab that has listed it, one tick per post. Tall colored ticks include it, and short gray ones leave it out.
| Date | Launch post | Score | As the post writes it |
|---|---|---|---|
| 25 Aug 2025 | 94.5 | GAOKAO |
2 system cards report it, from 2 labs
Besides launch posts, we read the system cards, model cards and technical reports labs publish with a release. They report far more, including safety and frontier-risk tests.
| Date | Document | Score | As the document writes it | Section |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 25 Aug 2025 | | 94.5 | GAOKAO (Table 2, Table 14) | Capabilities |
| 18 Jun 2024 | ChatGLM3-6B technical report | 67.3 | ChatGLM3-6B-Base, GAOKAO-Bench (Table 1) | Capabilities |
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