DeepSWE
113 original long-horizon engineering tasks across 91 repos and five languages, written from scratch. Hand-written verifiers accept alternative solutions.
Built against contamination: tasks are not mined from existing commits or PRs. Version 1.1 (June 2026) kept the same 113 tasks and fixed flaky tests.
In the authors’ words
DeepSWE is a benchmark of 113 original, long-horizon software engineering tasks for evaluating coding agents. Most public agentic coding benchmarks follow SWE-bench in mining merged fixes from public GitHub repositories, which creates two problems: the fixes and their discussion were likely seen during pretraining, so a high score can reflect recall rather than problem-solving; and each task is graded by the tests that shipped with its merged fix, which were written to confirm one specific fix rather than grade an arbitrary solution, so they can fail a correct alternative or pass an incomplete one. DeepSWE avoids both. Its tasks are written from scratch across 91 active open-source repositories and five languages and are never contributed back upstream, so their reference solutions stay out of the public record that model training scrapes; and each task is graded by a hand-written verifier that checks the requested functionality and accepts any implementation that provides it. When an independent LLM judge re-reviews graded runs, it disagrees with DeepSWE's verifier about an order of magnitude less often than with SWE-Bench Pro's inherited tests (1.4% versus 32.4%). Despite being about half the length of SWE-Bench Pro's prompts, DeepSWE's prompts describe tasks whose reference solutions touch 5.5x more code, and the benchmark separates frontier agents across a wider score band than the leaderboards on which they otherwise cluster. We release the benchmark, its verifiers, and the full record of evaluation trajectories.
- Level
- Expert Specialists with years of training, often over hours of work
- Scored
- Checked automatically A program checks the result against an answer key, unit tests or the expected final state.
- Answers
- Code A program or patch run against tests.
GPT-6 Astra leads with 74.1% among models released by Sep 2026
Best score per model from the benchmark's own leaderboard, read on 2 Nov 2026. Where a model ran with several settings or harnesses, we keep its best. Every run is in the next chart.
The newest model with a score here came out in Sep 2026, and nobody has tested a newer one. Among the 20 highest-ranked models on the capability index, these have no score yet:
- Claude Opus 5.5
- GPT-6.1 Terra
- GPT-6.1 Sol
- Claude Sonnet 5.5
- and 8 more
- 74.1 GPT-6 Astra
- 73.8
Gemini 3.8 Flash
- 73.7 Claude Opus 5
- 72.7 GPT-5.6 Sol
- 69.9 Claude Fable 5
- 69.6 GPT-5.6 Terra
- 69.0 GLM-5.3
- 68.5 Kimi K3
- 67.5 Grok 4.6
- 67.2 GPT-5.6 Luna
- 67.0 GPT-5.5
- 65.5
Gemini 3.7 Flash
- 63.4 GLM-5.3-Flash
- 62.8
DeepSeek-V4-Pro
- 59.0 Claude Opus 4.8
- 57.5
Qwen 3.8 Max
- 54.9
Muse Spark 1.2
- 53.9 Claude Sonnet 5
- 53.8 Grok 4.5
- 53.3
DeepSeek-V4-Flash
- 53.3
Muse Spark 1.1
- 51.8 GPT-5.4
- 46.7
Gemini 3.6 Flash
- 43.8 GLM-5.2
- 36.1
Gemini 3.5 Flash
- 30.5 Kimi K2.7 Code
- 29.9 Claude Sonnet 4.6
- 11.7
Gemini 3.1 Pro
- 1 GPT-6 Astra xhigh 74.1%
- 2
Gemini 3.8 Flash high 73.8%
- 3 Claude Opus 5 max 73.7%
- 4 GPT-5.6 Sol max 72.7%
- 5 Claude Fable 5 xhigh 69.9%
- 6 GPT-5.6 Terra max 69.6%
- 7 GLM-5.3 max 69%
- 8 Kimi K3 max 68.5%
- 9 Grok 4.6 medium 67.5%
- 10 GPT-5.6 Luna max 67.2%
- 11 GPT-5.5 xhigh 67%
- 12
Gemini 3.7 Flash medium 65.5%
- 13 GLM-5.3-Flash max 63.4%
- 14
DeepSeek-V4-Pro max 62.8%
- 15 Claude Opus 4.8 max 59%
- 16
Qwen 3.8 Max xhigh 57.5%
- 17
Muse Spark 1.2 xhigh 54.9%
- 18 Claude Sonnet 5 max 53.9%
- 19 Grok 4.5 high 53.8%
- 20
DeepSeek-V4-Flash max 53.3%
- 21
Muse Spark 1.1 xhigh 53.3%
- 22 GPT-5.4 xhigh 51.8%
- 23
Gemini 3.6 Flash high 46.7%
- 24 GLM-5.2 max 43.8%
- 25
Gemini 3.5 Flash high 36.1%
- 26 Kimi K2.7 Code 30.5%
- 27 Claude Sonnet 4.6 high 29.9%
- 28
Gemini 3.1 Pro high 11.7%
| # | Model | Score | Setting | Date | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | GPT-6 Astra | 74.1% | xhigh, mini-swe-agent | Sep 2026 | Official leaderboard |
| 2 | | 73.8% | high, mini-swe-agent | Sep 2026 | Official leaderboard |
| 3 | Claude Opus 5 | 73.7% | max, mini-swe-agent | Jul 2026 | Official leaderboard |
| 4 | GPT-5.6 Sol | 72.7% | max, mini-swe-agent | Jul 2026 | Official leaderboard |
| 5 | Claude Fable 5 | 69.9% | xhigh, mini-swe-agent | Jun 2026 | Official leaderboard |
| 6 | GPT-5.6 Terra | 69.6% | max, mini-swe-agent | Jul 2026 | Official leaderboard |
| 7 | GLM-5.3 | 69% | max, mini-swe-agent | Aug 2026 | Official leaderboard |
| 8 | Kimi K3 | 68.5% | max, mini-swe-agent | Jul 2026 | Official leaderboard |
| 9 | Grok 4.6 | 67.5% | medium, mini-swe-agent | Aug 2026 | Official leaderboard |
| 10 | GPT-5.6 Luna | 67.2% | max, mini-swe-agent | Jul 2026 | Official leaderboard |
| 11 | GPT-5.5 | 67% | xhigh, mini-swe-agent | Apr 2026 | Official leaderboard |
| 12 | | 65.5% | medium, mini-swe-agent | Aug 2026 | Official leaderboard |
| 13 | GLM-5.3-Flash | 63.4% | max, mini-swe-agent | Aug 2026 | Official leaderboard |
| 14 | | 62.8% | max, mini-swe-agent | Apr 2026 | Official leaderboard |
| 15 | Claude Opus 4.8 | 59% | max, mini-swe-agent | May 2026 | Official leaderboard |
| 16 | | 57.5% | xhigh, mini-swe-agent | Aug 2026 | Official leaderboard |
| 17 | | 54.9% | xhigh, mini-swe-agent | Aug 2026 | Official leaderboard |
| 18 | Claude Sonnet 5 | 53.9% | max, mini-swe-agent | Jun 2026 | Official leaderboard |
| 19 | Grok 4.5 | 53.8% | high, mini-swe-agent | Jul 2026 | Official leaderboard |
| 20 | | 53.3% | max, mini-swe-agent | Apr 2026 | Official leaderboard |
| 21 | | 53.3% | xhigh, mini-swe-agent | Jul 2026 | Official leaderboard |
| 22 | GPT-5.4 | 51.8% | xhigh, mini-swe-agent | Mar 2026 | Official leaderboard |
| 23 | | 46.7% | high, mini-swe-agent | Jul 2026 | Official leaderboard |
| 24 | GLM-5.2 | 43.8% | max, mini-swe-agent | Jun 2026 | Official leaderboard |
| 25 | | 36.1% | high, mini-swe-agent | May 2026 | Official leaderboard |
| 26 | Kimi K2.7 Code | 30.5% | mini-swe-agent | Jun 2026 | Official leaderboard |
| 27 | Claude Sonnet 4.6 | 29.9% | high, mini-swe-agent | Feb 2026 | Official leaderboard |
| 28 | | 11.7% | high, mini-swe-agent | Feb 2026 | Official leaderboard |
Epoch AI has scores for 26 models. Labs report scores for 51 models in their cards. We plot every source in the charts below.
The best score, 74.1%, costs $4.43 a task
Runs on the cost frontier score higher than any run that's cheaper. Gemini 3.8 Flash at medium comes within 3.1 points of the best for $1.97 a task, about half the cost. The costs are the leaderboard's own estimates, so compare them only within this benchmark.
| Model | Effort | Harness | Score | Cost per task | Output tokens |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GPT-6 Astra | xhigh | mini-swe-agent | 74.1% | $4.43 | 29,557 |
| | high | mini-swe-agent | 73.8% | $2.36 | 143,243 |
| Claude Opus 5 | max | mini-swe-agent | 73.7% | $12 | 117,566 |
| GPT-6 Astra | high | mini-swe-agent | 73.2% | $3.92 | 26,506 |
| GPT-6 Astra | max | mini-swe-agent | 73.2% | $7.50 | 61,149 |
| Claude Opus 5 | xhigh | mini-swe-agent | 73.2% | $9.07 | 91,672 |
| Claude Opus 5 | high | mini-swe-agent | 72.8% | $6.08 | 64,207 |
| GPT-6 Astra | medium | mini-swe-agent | 72.8% | $3.08 | 20,362 |
| GPT-5.6 Sol | max | mini-swe-agent | 72.7% | $8.39 | 60,014 |
| | medium | mini-swe-agent | 71% | $1.97 | 124,684 |
| GPT-5.6 Sol | xhigh | mini-swe-agent | 70.7% | $4.70 | 40,745 |
| Claude Fable 5 | xhigh | mini-swe-agent | 69.9% | $13 | 80,352 |
| Claude Fable 5 | max | mini-swe-agent | 69.7% | $22 | 118,593 |
| GPT-5.6 Terra | max | mini-swe-agent | 69.6% | $4.95 | 71,939 |
| GPT-5.6 Sol | high | mini-swe-agent | 69.4% | $3.47 | 28,450 |
| GLM-5.3 | max | mini-swe-agent | 69% | $3.99 | 80,436 |
| Claude Opus 5 | medium | mini-swe-agent | 68.9% | $3.29 | 36,982 |
| Claude Fable 5 | high | mini-swe-agent | 68.6% | $9.18 | 57,287 |
| Kimi K3 | max | mini-swe-agent | 68.5% | $4.66 | 81,500 |
| Grok 4.6 | medium | mini-swe-agent | 67.5% | $3.45 | 49,764 |
| GPT-5.6 Luna | max | mini-swe-agent | 67.2% | $3.03 | 73,400 |
| GPT-5.5 | xhigh | mini-swe-agent | 67% | $7.23 | 46,295 |
| GPT-6 Astra | low | mini-swe-agent | 67% | $1.59 | 10,580 |
| Grok 4.6 | xhigh | mini-swe-agent | 66.7% | $5.50 | 71,404 |
| | medium | mini-swe-agent | 65.5% | $2.02 | 93,991 |
| Claude Fable 5 | medium | mini-swe-agent | 65.4% | $6.09 | 40,201 |
| | high | mini-swe-agent | 65.3% | $2.18 | 107,248 |
| Grok 4.6 | high | mini-swe-agent | 65.2% | $4.38 | 61,161 |
| GPT-5.5 | high | mini-swe-agent | 64.4% | $5.10 | 31,159 |
| GLM-5.3-Flash | max | mini-swe-agent | 63.4% | $0.48 | 72,830 |
| | max | mini-swe-agent | 62.8% | $0.24 | 105,999 |
| GPT-5.6 Sol | medium | mini-swe-agent | 61.1% | $1.86 | 18,425 |
| GPT-5.6 Terra | xhigh | mini-swe-agent | 60.2% | $2.13 | 39,617 |
| Claude Fable 5 | low | mini-swe-agent | 59.6% | $3.76 | 25,243 |
| Claude Opus 4.8 | max | mini-swe-agent | 59% | $13 | 135,032 |
| Claude Opus 5 | low | mini-swe-agent | 58.1% | $1.66 | 19,884 |
| | xhigh | mini-swe-agent | 57.5% | $3.73 | 95,075 |
| GPT-5.6 Luna | xhigh | mini-swe-agent | 56.9% | $1.54 | 44,678 |
| | xhigh | mini-swe-agent | 54.9% | $3.70 | 99,226 |
| Claude Opus 4.8 | xhigh | mini-swe-agent | 54.4% | $8.01 | 86,089 |
| GPT-5.5 | medium | mini-swe-agent | 54% | $2.75 | 19,625 |
| Claude Sonnet 5 | max | mini-swe-agent | 53.9% | $26 | 214,118 |
| Grok 4.5 | high | mini-swe-agent | 53.8% | $2.42 | 35,525 |
| GPT-5.6 Terra | high | mini-swe-agent | 53.8% | $1.13 | 21,517 |
| | low | mini-swe-agent | 53.8% | $1.83 | 73,365 |
| | max | mini-swe-agent | 53.3% | $0.10 | 107,687 |
| | xhigh | mini-swe-agent | 53.3% | $2.36 | 74,008 |
| GPT-5.4 | xhigh | mini-swe-agent | 51.8% | $5.65 | 71,409 |
| Claude Opus 4.8 | high | mini-swe-agent | 51.8% | $4.28 | 50,064 |
| Claude Sonnet 5 | xhigh | mini-swe-agent | 49.7% | $12 | 120,699 |
| Claude Opus 4.8 | medium | mini-swe-agent | 48.7% | $3.44 | 41,313 |
| Claude Sonnet 5 | high | mini-swe-agent | 48.2% | $7.43 | 87,295 |
| | high | mini-swe-agent | 46.7% | $4.42 | 95,845 |
| GPT-5.6 Sol | low | mini-swe-agent | 45.4% | $1.07 | 10,579 |
| GPT-5.6 Luna | high | mini-swe-agent | 44.3% | $0.78 | 25,778 |
| GLM-5.2 | max | mini-swe-agent | 43.8% | $3.92 | 78,175 |
| Grok 4.6 | low | mini-swe-agent | 41.6% | $1.04 | 16,458 |
| Claude Opus 4.8 | low | mini-swe-agent | 40.8% | $2.29 | 28,923 |
| Claude Sonnet 5 | medium | mini-swe-agent | 39.8% | $4.08 | 56,817 |
| GLM-5.2 | high | mini-swe-agent | 36.3% | $2.84 | 54,246 |
| | high | mini-swe-agent | 36.1% | $3.45 | 75,730 |
| GPT-5.6 Terra | medium | mini-swe-agent | 35.1% | $0.58 | 11,747 |
| Kimi K2.7 Code | mini-swe-agent | 30.5% | $2.82 | 59,297 | |
| Claude Sonnet 5 | low | mini-swe-agent | 30.5% | $2.19 | 35,595 |
| Claude Sonnet 4.6 | high | mini-swe-agent | 29.9% | $5.52 | 76,160 |
| GPT-5.5 | low | mini-swe-agent | 27% | $1.20 | 9,443 |
| GPT-5.6 Terra | low | mini-swe-agent | 24.1% | $0.43 | 8,572 |
| | high | mini-swe-agent | 11.7% | $2.14 | 28,369 |
| GPT-5.6 Luna | medium | mini-swe-agent | 11.3% | $0.22 | 8,180 |
| GPT-5.6 Luna | low | mini-swe-agent | 1.55% | $0.07 | 3,128 |
6 models have held number one since its release in May 2026
Lab claims count from the day the card came out, independent runs from the model’s release. We draw one row each for the benchmark’s own leaderboard, Epoch AI’s runs and what labs claim in their cards.
Scores over time
All the scores we have, one dot each, so a model tested at several settings appears more than once.
20 labs put it in a launch post in the last six months
Launch posts from every lab that has listed it, one tick per post. Tall colored ticks include it, and short gray ones leave it out.
| Date | Launch post | Score | As the post writes it |
|---|---|---|---|
| 24 Oct 2026 | Kimi K3.1 Pro | 75.5 | DeepSWE v1.1 (Claude Code) |
| 19 Oct 2026 | Mercury 3 | 46.3 | DeepSWE v1 |
| 19 Oct 2026 | 73.7 | DeepSWE v1.1 | |
| 17 Oct 2026 | 77 | DeepSWE v1.1 | |
| 15 Oct 2026 | 60 | DeepSWE 1.1 Preferred harness | |
| 15 Oct 2026 | 24.6 | DeepSWE [offline] | |
| 13 Oct 2026 | 59.7 | DeepSWE (LingCode) | |
| 13 Oct 2026 | 77.9 | DeepSWE v1.1 | |
| 12 Oct 2026 | 78.8 | DeepSWE 1.1 | |
| 12 Oct 2026 | 79 | DeepSWE 1.1 | |
| 6 Oct 2026 | 61.7 | Coding - DeepSWE: Artificial Analysis - DeepSWE 1.1 (chart 62; text 61.7%) | |
| 5 Oct 2026 | Beam 1.0 | 44.4 | DeepSWE v1.1 |
| 29 Sep 2026 | GPT-6.1 Sol | 75.2 | DeepSWE v1.1 (GPT-6.1 Sol High) |
| 22 Sep 2026 | GPT-6 Luna | 66.6 | DeepSWE v1.1 (GPT-6 Luna max) |
| 22 Sep 2026 | MiMo-V2.6 Pro | 71.9 | DeepSWE v1.1 |
| 22 Sep 2026 | GPT-6 Sol | 68.8 | DeepSWE v1.1 (GPT-6 Sol max) |
| 21 Sep 2026 | Grok 4.7 | 71 | DeepSWE v1.1 (Software engineering) * high effort |
| 20 Sep 2026 | 67.7 | DeepSWE v1.1 (SWE-agent) | |
| 18 Sep 2026 | 57.8 | DeepSWE 1.1 (best of Claude Code and mini-SWE-agent) | |
| 10 Sep 2026 | SWE-2 | 73 | DeepSWE 1.1 |
| 10 Sep 2026 | 74.2 | DeepSWE v1.1 (Resolved) | |
| 3 Sep 2026 | GPT-6 Astra | 74.1 | DeepSWE v1.1 |
| 2 Sep 2026 | 75.4 | DeepSWE v1.1 (Long-horizon agentic coding) | |
| 2 Sep 2026 | 73.7 | DeepSWE v1.1 | |
| 28 Aug 2026 | 64.3 | DeepSWE | |
| 26 Aug 2026 | 58.7 | Agentic coding DeepSWE 1.1 (best of Claude Code and mini-SWE-agent) | |
| 26 Aug 2026 | GLM-5.3-Flash | 63.4 | DeepSWE (v1.1) |
| 21 Aug 2026 | 59.3 | DeepSWE | |
| 14 Aug 2026 | 42.2 | Agentic coding DeepSWE 1.1 (Claude Code) | |
| 14 Aug 2026 | GLM-5.3 | 66.9 | DeepSWE (v1.1) |
| 13 Aug 2026 | 62.7 | DeepSWE | |
| 13 Aug 2026 | 65.3 | DeepSWE v1.1 | |
| 12 Aug 2026 | Grok 4.6 | 65.9 | DeepSWE v1.1 |
| 5 Aug 2026 | 59.3 | DeepSWE 1.1 (Muse Code harness) | |
| 3 Aug 2026 | 56.6 | DeepSWE 1.1 | |
| 31 Jul 2026 | 54.4 | DeepSWE | |
| 24 Jul 2026 | Claude Opus 5 | 68.8 | Agentic coding DeepSWE v1.1 |
| 21 Jul 2026 | 40.4 | DeepSWE | |
| 21 Jul 2026 | 49 | DeepSWE v1.1 | |
| 16 Jul 2026 | Kimi K3 | 67.5 | DeepSWE (v1.1) |
| 16 Jul 2026 | Grok 4.5 | 62 | Best of DeepSWE 1.0 (pass@1; eval by Datacurve, run with provider harnesses by AA) / DeepSWE 1.1 (mini-swe-agent harness run by Datacurve) |
| 9 Jul 2026 | GPT-5.6 Luna | 67.2 | DeepSWE v1.1 |
| 9 Jul 2026 | GPT-5.6 Terra | 69.6 | DeepSWE v1.1 |
| 9 Jul 2026 | 53.3 | DeepSWE 1.1 (Long-horizon agentic coding) | |
| 9 Jul 2026 | GPT-5.6 Sol | 72.7 | DeepSWE v1.1 (Sol, max) |
| 2 Jul 2026 | 28 | DeepSWE | |
| 16 Jun 2026 | GLM-5.2 | 46.2 | DeepSWE |
19 system cards report it, from 9 labs
Besides launch posts, we read the system cards, model cards and technical reports labs publish with a release. They report far more, including safety and frontier-risk tests.
| Date | Document | Score | As the document writes it | Section |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 13 Oct 2026 | | 77.9 | DeepSWE v1.1 (results table, p.5) | Capabilities |
| 12 Oct 2026 | | 78.8 | DeepSWE 1.1 pass@1, Datacurve third-party result, Muse Wonder (max) (capabilities table image, page 3) | Capabilities |
| 12 Oct 2026 | | 79 | DeepSWE 1.1 pass@1, Datacurve third-party result, Muse Wonder Full (max) (capabilities table image, page 3) | Capabilities |
| 28 Sep 2026 | Claude Sonnet 5.5 system card | 71 | DeepSWE v1.1, average of five trials (8.3) | Capabilities |
| 22 Sep 2026 | MiMo-V2.6 Pro technical report | 71.9 | DeepSWE v1.1 (Table 3) | Capabilities |
| 22 Sep 2026 | | 57.8 | DeepSWE 1.1, best of Claude Code and mini-SWE-agent harnesses (Table 2) | Capabilities |
| 22 Sep 2026 | Claude Opus 5.5 system card | 74.2 | DeepSWE v1.1, average of five trials (8.3) | Capabilities |
| 21 Sep 2026 | Grok 4.7 model card | 71 | DeepSWE v1.1, Pass@1, high, mini-SWE-agent, run by Datacurve (2.2) | Capabilities |
| 10 Sep 2026 | | 74.2 | DeepSWE v1.1 (Resolved), mini-SWE harness (Table 3, Table 4). Other scaffolds 65.5 to 72.6 (Table 4) | Capabilities |
| 2 Sep 2026 | | 73.7 | DeepSWE v1.1 (results table, p.5) | Capabilities |
| 1 Sep 2026 | Claude Fable 5.1 system card | 67.4 | DeepSWE v1.1, average of 5 trials (8.3) | Capabilities |
| 13 Aug 2026 | | 65.3 | DeepSWE v1.1 (results table, p.5) | Capabilities |
| 12 Aug 2026 | Grok 4.6 model card | 67 | DeepSWE v1.1, Pass@1, xhigh, mini-swe-agent, run by Datacurve (2.4). High = 65.9% | Capabilities |
| 27 Jul 2026 | Kimi K3 technical report | 67.5 | DeepSWE v1.1 tasks, 67.3 with mini-SWE-agent on the official leaderboard (Table 2, 6.1.3) | Capabilities |
| 24 Jul 2026 | Claude Opus 5 system card | 68.8 | DeepSWE v1.1, average of five trials (Table 8.1.A, 8.3) | Capabilities |
| 21 Jul 2026 | | 49 | DeepSWE v1.1, printed as whole percent (results table, p.4) | Capabilities |
| 14 Jul 2026 | Grok 4.5 model card | 62 | DeepSWE v1.0, Pass@1, high, provider harnesses run by AA (2.1). DeepSWE v1.1 = 53.0% (2.2) | Capabilities |
| 9 Jul 2026 | | 53.3 | DeepSWE 1.1 (Figure 44) | Capabilities |
| 23 Jun 2026 | | 32.7 | DeepSWE (Table 5) | Capabilities |
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