Benchmark Almanac

ANLI

GPT-3.5 Turbo Nov 2023 58.1% leads since Nov 2023 Dropped

Models label premise and hypothesis pairs as entailment, neutral, or contradiction. People wrote the pairs over three rounds to fool strong models.

Model cards report the rounds R1, R2, and R3 separately or as an average.

In the authors’ words

We introduce a new large-scale NLI benchmark dataset, collected via an iterative, adversarial human-and-model-in-the-loop procedure. We show that training models on this new dataset leads to state-of-the-art performance on a variety of popular NLI benchmarks, while posing a more difficult challenge with its new test set. Our analysis sheds light on the shortcomings of current state-of-the-art models, and shows that non-expert annotators are successful at finding their weaknesses. The data collection method can be applied in a never-ending learning scenario, becoming a moving target for NLU, rather than a static benchmark that will quickly saturate.

Abstract of Adversarial NLI: A New Benchmark for Natural Language Understanding (arXiv:1910.14599, CC0)
Made by Facebook AI Research (Nie et al.) Released Oct 2019 Language reasoning All tasks public Last in a launch post Apr 2024 , dropped before it saturated Last model added Aug 2024 Scores refreshed 31 Oct 2026
Level
Everyday Most adults, without training
Scored
Checked automatically A program checks the result against an answer key, unit tests or the expected final state.
Answers
Multiple choice
11
Models scored in Epoch AI data
2
Launch posts list it, from 2 labs
3
System cards report it, from 1 lab

2 models share the top score of 58.1% among models released by Apr 2024

Best score per model in Epoch AI’s data. Where a model ran with several settings or harnesses, we keep its best.

The newest model with a score here came out in Apr 2024, and nobody has tested a newer one. Among the 20 highest-ranked models on the capability index, these have no score yet:

  1. 1 GPT-3.5 Turbo Nov 2023 58.1%
  2. 2 phi-3-small 7.4B 58.1%
  3. 3 Llama 3-8B 57.3%
  4. 4 phi-3-medium 14B 55.8%
  5. 5 Mixtral 8x7B 55.2%
  6. 6 phi-3-mini 3.8B 52.8%
  7. 7 Gemma 7B 48.7%
  8. 8 Mistral 7B v0.1 47.1%
  9. 9 Phi-2 42.5%
  10. 10 Megatron-Turing NLG 530B 39.7%
  11. 11 InstructGPT 175B 35.4%
#ModelScoreSettingDateSource
1 GPT-3.5 Turbo Nov 2023 58.1% Nov 2023 Epoch AI
2 phi-3-small 7.4B 58.1% Apr 2024 Epoch AI
3 Llama 3-8B 57.3% Apr 2024 Epoch AI
4 phi-3-medium 14B 55.8% Apr 2024 Epoch AI
5 Mixtral 8x7B 55.2% Dec 2023 Epoch AI
6 phi-3-mini 3.8B 52.8% Apr 2024 Epoch AI
7 Gemma 7B 48.7% Feb 2024 Epoch AI
8 Mistral 7B v0.1 47.1% Sep 2023 Epoch AI
9 Phi-2 42.5% Dec 2023 Epoch AI
10 Megatron-Turing NLG 530B 39.7% Oct 2021 Epoch AI
11 InstructGPT 175B 35.4% Jan 2022 Epoch AI

Labs report scores for 4 models in their cards. We plot every source in the charts below.

3 models have held number one since 2023

Lab claims count from the day the card came out, independent runs from the model’s release. We draw one row each for Epoch AI’s runs and what labs claim in their cards.

Microsoft Mistral AI OpenAI Other labs
Epoch AI runs Not tested since Apr 2024
Lab claims Not tested since Aug 2024
PaLM 2-L 73.1%

Scores over time

All the scores we have, one dot each, so a model tested at several settings appears more than once.

Run or collected by Epoch AI Reported by the lab in its model card Best so far
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 2022 2023 2024 Near the ceiling (85%) Random guessing PaLM 2-L Megatron-Turing NLG 530B 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 2022 2023 2024 Near the ceiling (85%) Random guessing PaLM 2-L Megatron-Turing NLG 530B

No launch post has listed it since Apr 2024

Launch posts from every lab that has listed it, one tick per post. Tall colored ticks include it, and short gray ones leave it out.

Google DeepMind
Microsoft
DateLaunch postScoreAs the post writes it
22 Apr 2024 phi-3-medium 14B 58.7 ANLI (7-Shot)
10 May 2023 PaLM 2-L 73.1 Best of ANLI-R1, 1-shot / ANLI-R2, 1-shot / ANLI-R3, 1-shot

3 system cards report it, from 1 lab

Besides launch posts, we read the system cards, model cards and technical reports labs publish with a release. They report far more, including safety and frontier-risk tests.

DateDocumentScoreAs the document writes itSection
30 Aug 2024 phi-3-small 7.4B technical report 58.1 ANLI (7-Shot) (Section 3 table) Capabilities
30 Aug 2024 phi-3-mini 3.8B technical report 52.8 ANLI (7-Shot) (Section 3 table) Capabilities
30 Aug 2024 phi-3-medium 14B technical report 55.8 ANLI (7-Shot) (Section 3 table) Capabilities

More in Knowledge

All 109 in Knowledge
  • MMLU-Pro In use Harder 10-option version of MMLU with reasoning-focused questions across 14 subjects. Intern-S2-397B 89.8%
  • SuperGPQA In use 26,529 graduate-level multiple-choice questions across 285 disciplines. Accuracy. Qwen 3.6 Max (Preview) 73.9%
  • WideSearch In use 200 bilingual broad info-seeking tasks: agent collects many atomic facts into a table. Scored by success rate and row/item F1. Tencent Hy4 preview 83.9%
  • KMMLU-Pro In use Models answer multiple-choice questions taken from Korean National Professional Licensure exams. It tests professional knowledge used in Korean industry. Solar Pro 4 79.2%
  • BIG-Bench Extra Hard In use Models solve harder replacements for each of the 23 BIG-Bench Hard tasks, 4,520 examples in total. The score is a harmonic mean of task accuracies. Gemma 4 31B IT 74.4%
  • HLE-Verified In use Verified and revised version of Humanity's Last Exam (1,811 items) with uncertain items removed. Seed2.0 Pro 73.6%