DUDE
Models answer extractive, abstractive, and unanswerable questions about multi-page, multi-domain documents. Scored by ANLS.
In the authors’ words
We call on the Document AI (DocAI) community to reevaluate current methodologies and embrace the challenge of creating more practically-oriented benchmarks. Document Understanding Dataset and Evaluation (DUDE) seeks to remediate the halted research progress in understanding visually-rich documents (VRDs). We present a new dataset with novelties related to types of questions, answers, and document layouts based on multi-industry, multi-domain, and multi-page VRDs of various origins, and dates. Moreover, we are pushing the boundaries of current methods by creating multi-task and multi-domain evaluation setups that more accurately simulate real-world situations where powerful generalization and adaptation under low-resource settings are desired. DUDE aims to set a new standard as a more practical, long-standing benchmark for the community, and we hope that it will lead to future extensions and contributions that address real-world challenges. Finally, our work illustrates the importance of finding more efficient ways to model language, images, and layout in DocAI.
- Level
- Everyday Most adults, without training
- Scored
- Checked automatically A program checks the result against an answer key, unit tests or the expected final state.
- Answers
- Short answer A number, word or short string matched to a key.
Seed2.1 Pro leads with 82.8% among models released by Jun 2026
Best score per model as labs report them in their own cards. Labs pick their own settings, so these compare less cleanly than independent runs.
The newest model with a score here came out in Jun 2026, and nobody has reported a newer one. Among the 20 highest-ranked models on the capability index, these have no score yet:
- GPT-6 Astra
- Claude Opus 5.5
- GPT-6.1 Terra
- GPT-6.1 Sol
- and 16 more
- 1
Seed2.1 Pro 82.8%
- 2
Seed2.0 Pro 72.4%
- 3
Seed1.8 69.4%
- 4
Gemini 1.5 Pro May 2024 46%
| # | Model | Score | Setting | Date | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | | 82.8% | Jun 2026 | Model card | |
| 2 | | 72.4% | Feb 2026 | Model card | |
| 3 | | 69.4% | Dec 2025 | Model card | |
| 4 | | 46% | May 2024 | Model card |
4 models have held number one since its release in May 2023
Lab claims count from the day the card came out, independent runs from the model’s release.
Scores over time
All the scores we have, one dot each, so a model tested at several settings appears more than once.
Labs headline it less often now, last in Feb 2026
Launch posts from every lab that has listed it, one tick per post. Tall colored ticks include it, and short gray ones leave it out.
| Date | Launch post | Score | As the post writes it |
|---|---|---|---|
| 14 Feb 2026 | 72.4 | DUDE | |
| 18 Dec 2025 | 69.4 | DUDE | |
| 14 May 2024 | 46 | DUDE (test), 0-shot (ANLS) |
3 system cards report it, from 1 lab
Besides launch posts, we read the system cards, model cards and technical reports labs publish with a release. They report far more, including safety and frontier-risk tests.
| Date | Document | Score | As the document writes it | Section |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 23 Jun 2026 | | 82.8 | DUDE (Table 9) | Capabilities |
| 21 Mar 2026 | | 69.4 | DUDE (Table 2) | Capabilities |
| 14 Feb 2026 | | 72.4 | DUDE (Table 8) | Capabilities |
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