Benchmark Almanac

DUDE

Seed2.1 Pro 82.8% leads since Jun 2026 Fading

Models answer extractive, abstractive, and unanswerable questions about multi-page, multi-domain documents. Scored by ANLS.

In the authors’ words

We call on the Document AI (DocAI) community to reevaluate current methodologies and embrace the challenge of creating more practically-oriented benchmarks. Document Understanding Dataset and Evaluation (DUDE) seeks to remediate the halted research progress in understanding visually-rich documents (VRDs). We present a new dataset with novelties related to types of questions, answers, and document layouts based on multi-industry, multi-domain, and multi-page VRDs of various origins, and dates. Moreover, we are pushing the boundaries of current methods by creating multi-task and multi-domain evaluation setups that more accurately simulate real-world situations where powerful generalization and adaptation under low-resource settings are desired. DUDE aims to set a new standard as a more practical, long-standing benchmark for the community, and we hope that it will lead to future extensions and contributions that address real-world challenges. Finally, our work illustrates the importance of finding more efficient ways to model language, images, and layout in DocAI.

Abstract of Document Understanding Dataset and Evaluation (DUDE) (arXiv:2305.08455, CC0)
Made by DUDE team (KU Leuven, CVC Barcelona, et al.) Released May 2023 Documents, charts and text in images All tasks public Last in a launch post Feb 2026 , dropped before it saturated Last model added Jun 2026
Level
Everyday Most adults, without training
Scored
Checked automatically A program checks the result against an answer key, unit tests or the expected final state.
Answers
Short answer A number, word or short string matched to a key.
4
Models scored in lab cards
3
Launch posts list it, from 2 labs
3
System cards report it, from 1 lab

Seed2.1 Pro leads with 82.8% among models released by Jun 2026

Best score per model as labs report them in their own cards. Labs pick their own settings, so these compare less cleanly than independent runs.

The newest model with a score here came out in Jun 2026, and nobody has reported a newer one. Among the 20 highest-ranked models on the capability index, these have no score yet:

  1. 1 Seed2.1 Pro 82.8%
  2. 2 Seed2.0 Pro 72.4%
  3. 3 Seed1.8 69.4%
  4. 4 Gemini 1.5 Pro May 2024 46%
#ModelScoreSettingDateSource
1 Seed2.1 Pro 82.8% Jun 2026 Model card
2 Seed2.0 Pro 72.4% Feb 2026 Model card
3 Seed1.8 69.4% Dec 2025 Model card
4 Gemini 1.5 Pro May 2024 46% May 2024 Model card

4 models have held number one since its release in May 2023

Lab claims count from the day the card came out, independent runs from the model’s release.

Google DeepMind ByteDance Seed
Lab claims Not tested since Jun 2026
Seed2.1 Pro 82.8%

Scores over time

All the scores we have, one dot each, so a model tested at several settings appears more than once.

Reported by the lab in its model card Best so far
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 2024 2025 2026 Near the ceiling (85%) Seed2.1 Pro Seed2.0 Pro Gemini 1.5 Pro 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 2024 2025 2026 Near the ceiling (85%) Seed2.1 Pro Seed2.0 Pro

Labs headline it less often now, last in Feb 2026

Launch posts from every lab that has listed it, one tick per post. Tall colored ticks include it, and short gray ones leave it out.

Google DeepMind
ByteDance Seed
DateLaunch postScoreAs the post writes it
14 Feb 2026 Seed2.0 Pro 72.4 DUDE
18 Dec 2025 Seed1.8 69.4 DUDE
14 May 2024 Gemini 1.5 Pro 46 DUDE (test), 0-shot (ANLS)

3 system cards report it, from 1 lab

Besides launch posts, we read the system cards, model cards and technical reports labs publish with a release. They report far more, including safety and frontier-risk tests.

DateDocumentScoreAs the document writes itSection
23 Jun 2026 Seed2.1 Pro model card 82.8 DUDE (Table 9) Capabilities
21 Mar 2026 Seed1.8 model card 69.4 DUDE (Table 2) Capabilities
14 Feb 2026 Seed2.0 Pro model card 72.4 DUDE (Table 8) Capabilities

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